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In a big city, maybe nobody knows who is naught and who is nice. But in a small town, people know. And what they know could have an effect on how a small society operates.
The research is based on evolutionary game theory, which in this case applied the mathematical theory of games to cultural anthropology.
"The cooperators were too nice; they died out. In order to survive, they had to be discriminate about the help they gave."
Enter the shunners. These are the contributors in society who keep track of what others are doing and withdraw support from freeloaders.
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