Boulder Future Salon

AI GIF Generate is an AI animated GIF generator.

In the discussion between Richard Sutton, pioneer of reinforcement learning, and Dwarkesh Patel, YouTuber, the two spoke past each other because they were "speaking two different languages", says Ksenia Se of "Turing Post". Words like "prediction", "goal", "imitate", "world model", and "priors", have different meanings in the minds of Richard Sutton and Dwarkesh Patel. Richard Sutton thinks of them in terms of reinforcement learning, and having studied part of his textbook (co-authored with Andrew Barto) (I read about half of it and confess to not having done most of the exercises -- they are quite challenging!), I understand him very clearly, while Dwarkesh Patel thinks in terms of the current large language models. To me, Dwarkesh Patel's thinking seems limited because he's not able to see beyond large language models and their token-oriented, self-supervised training system. It may be fine for language, but other techniques, to come primarily from the reinforcement learning research people, are likely in my mind to make robots competitive with humans in terms of physical dexterity in the physical world.

"How functional programming shaped (and twisted) frontend development." If it seems like ideas in React and Redux resemble ideas from the "functional languages paradigm" in languages like Haskell, it's not your imagination. Some choice quotes: "There's a strange irony at the heart of modern web development. The web was born from documents, hyperlinks, and a cascading stylesheet language. It was always messy, mutable, and gloriously side-effectful. Yet over the past decade, our most influential frontend tools have been shaped by engineers chasing functional programming purity: immutability, determinism, and the elimination of side effects." "The web is fundamentally side-effectful. CSS cascades globally by design. Styles defined in one place affect elements everywhere, creating emergent patterns through specificity and inheritance. The DOM is a giant mutable tree that browsers optimize obsessively; changing it directly is fast and predictable. User interactions arrive asynchronously and unpredictably: clicks, scrolls, form submissions, network requests, resize events. There's no pure function that captures 'user intent.'" "This messiness is not accidental. It's how the web scales across billions of devices, remains backwards-compatible across decades, and allows disparate systems to interoperate. The browser is an open platform with escape hatches everywhere. You can style anything, hook into any event, manipulate any node. That flexibility and that refusal to enforce rigid abstractions is the web's superpower." "Functional programming revolves around a few core principles: functions should be pure (same inputs yields same outputs, no side effects), data should be immutable, and state changes should be explicit and traceable. These ideas produce code that's easier to reason about, test, and parallelize, in the right context of course." "CSS was designed to be global. Styles cascade, inherit, and compose across boundaries. This enables tiny stylesheets to control huge documents, and lets teams share design systems across applications. But to functional programmers, global scope is dangerous. It creates implicit dependencies and unpredictable outcomes." "React introduced synthetic events to normalize browser inconsistencies and integrate events into its rendering lifecycle. Instead of attaching listeners directly to DOM nodes, React uses event delegation. It listens at the root, then routes events to handlers through its own system." "This feels elegant from a functional perspective. Events become data flowing through your component tree. You don't touch the DOM directly. Everything stays inside React's controlled universe." "But native browser events already work. They bubble, they capture, they're well-specified. The browser has spent decades optimizing event dispatch."

It is alleged (by The Citizen Lab, at the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto), that Israel is using AI to create online "influence operations" aimed at "regime change" in Iran, starting with a deepfake of IDF air strikes on Evin Prison in Tehran.

MEMS lidar. "Five years ago, Eric Aguilar was fed up." "He had worked on lidar and other sensors for years at Tesla and Google X, but the technology always seemed too expensive and, more importantly, unreliable. He replaced the lidar sensors when they broke -- which was all too often, and seemingly at random -- and developed complex calibration methods and maintenance routines just to keep them functioning and the cars drivable." "So, when he reached the end of his rope, he invented a more robust technology -- what he calls the 'most powerful micromachine ever made.'" "Aguilar and his team at startup Omnitron Sensors developed new micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology that he claims can produce more force per unit area than any other." Allegedly replacing conventional lidar with this MEMS technology, it will be more robust to road vibrations, thermal cycles, and rain.

"New research by LayerX shows how a single weaponized URL, without any malicious page content, is enough to let an attacker steal any sensitive data that has been exposed in Perplexity's Comet AI browser." "For example, if the user asked Comet to rewrite an email or schedule an appointment, the email content and meeting metadata can be exfiltrated to the attacker." "An attacker only needs to get a user to open a crafted link, which can be sent via email, an extension, or a malicious site, and sensitive Comet data can be exposed, extracted, and exfiltrated." It's only been days since I found out Perplexity's Comet AI browser exists. The Comet browser is supposed to turn your browser into an AI agent that can take actions on the internet on your behalf.

The claim is being made that the government of the Caribbean island of Anguilla now gets 47% of its income from registrations of .ai domains. Honorable mention in the comments section: .io (Indian Ocean), .fm (Federated States of Micronesia), and .tk (Tokelau).

The claim is being made that at JPMorgan, the shift to agentic AI "favors those who work directly with clients -- a private banker with a roster of rich investors, traders who cater to hedge fund and pension managers, or investment bankers with relationships with Fortune 500 CEOs, for instance." "Those at risk of having to find new roles include operations and support staff who mainly deal in rote processes like setting up accounts, fraud detection or settling trades."

"AOL's dial-up internet service is shutting down Tuesday, ending one of the web's first mainstream access points." By "Tuesday", they mean September 30th, so it's already shut down by the time you read this. End of an era.

According to an NPR/PBS News/Marist poll, more US adults agree with the statement, "Americans may have to resort to violence in order to get the country back on track." For self-identified Democrats, between March of 2024 and September of 2025, the percent that agree went from 12% to 28%. For self-identified Republicans, the percent that agree went from 28% to 31%. For self-identified independents, the percent that agree went from 18% to 25%. Overall, for all US adults, the percent that agree went from 20% to 30%. (PBS said 19, NPR said 20. The Marist survey results document said 6% strongly agree + 13% agree, which, if I am capable of doing arithmetic, is 19%.) The poll was conducted September 22nd through September 26th, 2025, which is after the high-profile assassination of Charlie Kirk.

ImageTextEdit lets you "edit text in images with AI magic." Now whenever you see people with signs (protesters, for example), you won't be able to trust that the signs actually say what they look like they say. Not that you could trust images before, but thanks to this you can trust them even less. ;)

"Orbiting the Hénon Attractor." This is from 2022 but I just encountered it today. It is a system of equations that generates fractal images, but these, unlike looking like a Mandelbrot or Julia set or somesuch, remind me of the rings of Saturn or the cloud formations of Jupiter or Saturn.

xAI, Elon Musk's AI company, is making an alternative to Wikipedia called Grokipedia.

An aircraft that can reduce fuel burn by over 60% by using "laminar-flow aerodynamics" (as well as other technologies like "precision all-carbon-fiber composites") has been produced, or so it is claimed, by an aerospace startup company, Otto Aerospace, which announced its first fleet customer will be Flexjet, although deliveries won't begin until 2030.

"Tilly Norwood is an AI-generated actor whose creator claims she may soon be represented by talent agents." Alrighty then. I watched the AI-generated comedy sketch, AI Commissioner ... uh, comedy? It was a sketch. Is Hollywood getting disrupted? What do you say?

"A study involving more than nine million pregnancies reported that children whose mothers had gestational diabetes during pregnancy had a higher chance of developing attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism than did children whose mothers didn't have the condition." "The study, presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes in Vienna, is under review at a peer-reviewed journal. It is not the first to link gestational diabetes to neurodevelopmental disorders in children, but it is one of the largest. Researchers pooled results from 48 studies across 20 countries, finding that children born to people with gestational diabetes had lower IQ scores, a 36% higher risk of ADHD and a 56% higher risk of autism spectrum disorders. Estimates suggest the prevalence of autism in the general population is one in 127 people and 3-10% of children and teenagers have ADHD." "The latest results mirror those of another meta-analysis, published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology journal in June, which included 56 million mother-child pairs and found that all types of diabetes in pregnancy, including type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes, increase the risk of the baby developing ADHD and autism. But none of these studies has been able to show that diabetes during pregnancy causes these conditions." Note: Not acetaminophen (paracetamol).